There’s No Such Thing As Too Many Questions

ple involved in automobile accidents believe that all the bills, expenses, loss of income, and pain and suffering will be reimbursed to them at the time of settlement.  However, insurance policies do not have an unlimited amount of coverage.  Anyone who purchases an automobile insurance policy will have a maximum amount of coverage which their insurance company can pay out for a claim. In Maryland you must request the policy limits in writing, providing the date of accident, the accident location, the name and last known address for the at fault driver, and the complaint number for the police report (if there was one). In Virginia, there is more documentation involved. In addition to the written request referencing the same information in the Maryland correspondence, you must also submit medical bills and/or lost wage documentation totaling at least $12,500. What can you expect as a response? A personal automobile insurance policy in Maryland typically is written in the following intervals: $30,000/$60,000, $50,000/$100,000, $100,000/$300,000, $250,000/$500,000, and $300,000/$300,000. The Virginia coverage intervals are similar, except while Maryland’s minimum is $30,000/$60,000, Virginia’s minimum is $25,000/$50,000. Commercial policies may carry a higher amount of insurance coverage.

n be no question that the travel industry came to a screeching halt in 2020, so more Americans are eager to take trips for business and pleasure in 2021. Especially over the next few weeks of spring and getting into summer, an influx of tourists will be heading to Maryland to enjoy its beaches, parks, and other attractions. The Maryland Tourism Coalition reports that there are more than 41 million visitors to the state every year, spending nearly $19 billion on lodging, food, and rental cars. You might not think too much about these numbers until you realize that more travelers will also mean more vehicles on the road, increasing the potential for serious car accidents. In the context of travel and tourism, there are concerns about two scenarios:

• You rented a vehicle and wonder about your rights after being injured in a crash; or,
• You were hurt in an auto collision caused by someone else driving a rental car.

Within these two scenarios are countless legal issues that can be extremely complicated, including liability, insurance coverage, compensation for injured victims, and more. To ensure you recover the monetary damages you deserve, it is wise to consult a car accident attorney if you were involved in any type of collision. However, it might be useful to review some answers to frequently asked questions about rental car accidents.   How is fault determined in a Maryland rental car collision? Most car accidents occur because of driver carelessness, but the legal theory of liability is termed ‘negligence.’ To recover compensation, you must show that the other motorist caused the crash by failing to use reasonable care when operating the vehicle. This is true whether you were driving the rental car or you were struck by someone in a rented vehicle. Note that Maryland follows the rule of contributory negligence, which prohibits victims from obtaining any damages when they played a part in the accident that caused harm. If you were even partly at fault, you recover nothing.   What steps should I take after being injured in a rental car collision? Your first priority after any auto accident is getting proper medical care for yourself and others who need it. You should also dial 911 so dispatchers can send first responders as necessary. Still, because proof is so important, you should do your best to collect certain evidence if you are physically able. Focus on gathering such information as:

• Photos of the intersection, stretch of road, damage to vehicles, traffic signals, lane markings, and other physical factors;
• Contact details from all involved drivers;
• Names and contact information from witnesses who may have observed the crash; and,
• Details regarding area businesses, in case they have surveillance cameras that captured video of the collision.

  Does my personal auto insurance policy cover a vehicle I rent? Maryland requires all vehicles to be insured at the minimum level, which is $30,000 for bodily injury, $60,000 for injury to two or more victims, and $15,000 in property damage coverage. When you procured insurance for your personal vehicle, you may have had the option to extend the terms of your policy to cover vehicles that you rent. Therefore, your insurance policy would pay for property damage and bodily injury if you caused a crash while driving a rental car. If you were hurt while driving a rental car and the other motorist was responsible, your remedy is filing a claim with his or her insurance company.   Will my credit card provide protection in a rental car accident? If you rent a car using a major credit card, many companies will automatically insure damage to the vehicle during the rental period. Still, your coverage is typically limited to property damage, so you may incur other costs and losses if you are injured. You will still need to take additional action to pursue the at-fault driver to recover for:

• Medical costs;
• Lost wages;
• Pain and suffering; and,
• Losses based upon how your injuries affect your personal relationships.

  What insurance coverage options should I add to the rental car contract? When your personal auto insurance does not cover all potential losses or you do not have auto insurance, you will have the opportunity to add options to the rental contract. It is wise to include collision damage waiver, which requires the rental car agency to waive any repair or replacement costs for the rental vehicle.   Can a rental car company be held accountable for an auto crash? In most cases, a rental agency will not be liable for any damages resulting from a car accident – whether you were driving a rental or your own vehicle. The exception is where the company was negligent in operating its business. For instance, you might have a claim against a rental car company for:

• Not fixing issues that lead to a safety risk;
• Failing to conduct inspections to ensure the vehicle was safe; and,
• Neglect in addressing recalls announced by government officials or auto makers.

  Should I talk to an insurance adjuster? You should never discuss accident details with an insurer, since you might inadvertently make statements that harm your interests. Maryland is a pure contributory negligence state, which means that you recover ZERO if you admit that you were even partly responsible. Other than confirming your contact details, do not answer questions and never consent to having your conversation recorded.   Consult With a Maryland Car Accident Lawyer About Your Options These answers to common questions about rental car crashes may be informative, but there are numerous other legal issues that impact your legal rights. Auto collisions are already complex, and they become even more challenging when you throw a rental car company, additional insurance coverage, a rental contract, and other matters into the mix. For more information on the legal process, please contact us. We can set up a no-cost case evaluation to review your circumstances and advise you on next steps.

By Meghan Young One of the most frequent questions that I receive from clients is with regard to the value of their case: "How much is my car accident injury case worth"?  Judges will look to a variety of factors in determining the value of your case in court, such as: (1) the amount of medical bills, (2) additional economic loss, such as lost wages, (3) the damage to the vehicles, (4) the causal connection between your injuries and the accident, (5) the severity of your injuries, (6) the reasonableness and necessity of the medical treatment that you received and (6) the non-economic damages sustained which includes your pain, suffering and inconvenience.  The insurance companies will look at similar factors when evaluating your case. All cases are different!  No two cases are exactly alike.  While medical bills and lost wages are generally straightforward to tally, the non-economic portion of claims (i.e. pain and suffering) will vary from case to case.  Additionally, there is no standard chart that a judge uses while he is listening to your case to determine how much you should receive for your pain and suffering.  This is why it is so important to contact an experienced attorney, who is familiar with the court system and is frequently in a courtroom trying cases just like yours, to provide advice on an appropriate and realistic value for your case. Be wary of online calculators and websites that provide you an instant estimated value of your case, or, relying on the settlement value that your friend's mother received on her case—every case is different!  Verdicts can also vary drastically just from one county to the next in Maryland.  So, if you're thinking that the insurance company has made you too low of an offer on your case and you deserve more, you need to reach out to an attorney for an evaluation of your case.

"https://www.bobkatzlaw.com/bio/kristen-turner">By: Kristen Turner PIP, which stands for personal injury protection, is an extra coverage that people elect and pay for in their insurance premiums.   PIP is a no-fault coverage that helps pay your medical bills and lost wages regardless of fault.   When clients hire us, we explain the PIP process and how it works. The first question many clients ask us is “will it increase my premiums?”  Generally, using PIP should not increase your insurance cost because it is a no-fault coverage that you pay extra for in your premiums. However, in practical application, we have sometimes seen insurance companies raise their insured’s insurance premiums when a PIP claim is asserted. So that our clients are not blindsided by insurance companies increasing their insurance premiums as a result of a PIP claim being asserted, we frequently advise our clients to consult with their insurance agent to inquire if their insurance company will increase their premiums if a PIP claim is asserted. However, generally speaking, we seldom see our client’s rates being raised as a result of making this claim.

ose of a nurse case manager is to manage the medical care for an injured worker. Generally, a nurse case manager is provided by the employer’s workers’ compensation insurance carrier to assist with medical management and the coordination of medical treatment of the injured person. Usually, a nurse case manager is utilized by the employer’s insurer when the injury victim has serious injuries, such as broken bones, or where a surgery is warranted. A nurse case manager’s job is to not only coordinate medical treatment for the injured person; however, they also sometimes work as a liaison to the workers compensation insurance company to report back to the insurer with medical treatment recommendations, status reports. Regarding the claimant’s treatment status and assist the claimant with scheduling medical appointments. A nurse case manager is also useful with facilitating the issuance of benefits to the injured due to their continuous contact with the insurance company that employs them. Nurse case managers generally act independently as independent contractors for the employer’s insurance, however, given the fact that they are sometimes seen as an extension of the employer’s insurer, it is wise to consult with a lawyer regarding putting stipulations and agreements in place with respect to what the case manager can and cannot due on behalf of the claimant, as well as to keep claimant’s counsel informed of the same.

may be relieved of liability in a car accident in some situations in which a medical condition is the cause. The rationale behind the sudden medical emergency defense is that there is no negligence involved and the matter was beyond the motorists control, so he or she should not be required to pay compensation to an injured victim. Generally, a person has the burden of proof in claiming this defense, which includes three elements:

• The Driver Experienced a Sudden Loss of Consciousness: The key time frame for the defense is the moments before the accident occurred, though there is no specific number of minutes. Still, the suddenness is a critical factor. The loss of consciousness must have occurred so abruptly and unexpectedly that the driver had no control over the vehicle, and could not react to mitigate the situation. In addition, this defense requires the person to prove that he or she had no indication of any symptoms before experienced sudden unconsciousness. When the driver notices a medical issue and ignores it, there is no suddenness.
• The Loss of Consciousness Led to Loss of Control Over the Vehicle: For this element, a driver must establish more than simple impairment or lack of control. There must be complete unconsciousness with complete loss of the ability to operate the vehicle.
• Unconsciousness and Subsequent Loss of Control Are Due to Medical Emergency: This factor of the sudden medical emergency defense often involves the use of the driver’s medical records. Typically, the medical condition requires immediate treatment, so healthcare practitioners or emergency medical technicians would include a diagnosis of why the person lost consciousness.

Examples of Sudden Medical Emergencies Because complete unconsciousness is an essential element of the defense, there are limits to what constitutes a medical emergency. Examples include:

• Myocardial infarction, commonly termed heart attack;
• Seizure;
• Fainting;
• A sudden drop in blood pressure, often due to a diabetic condition;
• Stroke, resulting from lack of blood flow to the brain;
• Mental delusions; or,
• A reaction to medication.

Maryland Law on Sudden Medical Emergency in Car Accident Cases Maryland does recognize the defense of sudden medical emergency in auto collision cases, though the concept is derived from case law instead of a statute. In the 1977 case of Moore v. Presnell, the court held that a driver is not liable for injuries in a car accident if her or she is suddenly and unforeseeably incapacitated, either physically or mentally. The court’s opinion does contain an exception, however. When a motorist has knowledge of a medical condition that may cause unconsciousness, liability may still attach. This result is linked to the “unforeseeable” element: A medical emergency is not truly unexpected if the person knows he or she has an illness that may cause unconsciousness. For instance, if a driver has a history of heart attack, fainting, or diabetes, the sudden medical emergency defense may not apply. Discuss Your Legal Options with a Maryland Personal Injury Attorney If you are involved in a car accident in which the other driver alleges a medical emergency, it is critical to retain the services of an experienced lawyer. You can expect that person’s insurance company to aggressively defend its own interests and deny your claim based upon the sudden medical emergency defense. These companies have large, well-staffed legal departments and even larger budgets, so you may be at a disadvantage unless you have a skilled personal injury attorney to fight for your rights. A lawyer can assist you in recovering compensation for such losses as:

• Medical bills for your treatment, rehabilitation, and ongoing care;
• Lost wages, if the accident caused you to be out of work for some time;
• Pain and suffering related to your injuries;
• Losses regarding your personal relationships with your spouse, children, and other loved ones; and,
• Other damages depending on your case.

t recall is a request from a product manufacturer for consumers to take certain action because of the discovery of safety issues or defects. In some cases, the request involves taking the product in for repairs or updates; in others, the product could be completely unusable due to extreme safety risks. The government may also issue a recall if the manufacturer refuses, but these situations are rare. Companies are typically trying to get ahead of a reputation disaster when they announce recalls, so the government may not need to get involved. In many recall scenarios, there may not be any reports of injury or accident related to a defect. Manufacturers would rather act in advance of a complaint and absorb the costs of repair or replacement, as compared to dealing with the outrageous expenses they face for litigation related to defective products. Still, many more recalls are linked to injuries and even fatalities. In most cases, a recall alone does not establish liability. Claimants must still prove the elements of their claim under one of the following theories of liability:

• Strict Liability: This type of case requires the claimant to show that 1.) the manufacturer had a duty to provide consumers with a safe product, 2.) breach of this duty, and 3.) injures directly resulting from the breach.
• Breach of Warranty: Under this theory, a claimant must prove that the manufacturer 1.) issued a warranty along with a product and 2.) the item did not comply with the warranty obligations. It is also necessary to show that 3.) the failure to comply with the warranty caused injuries.
• Negligence: Though it is often grounds for such personal injury claims as car accidents and slip and fall incidents, negligence is not used as often as a theory of liability for defective products. Proving negligence requires you to pinpoint the act that led a dangerous product to be released into the stream of commerce, and to identify the nature of the breach of duty. This can be challenging, which is why many products liability cases proceed only as strict liability claims. Strict liability does not place at issue the level of care employed by the manufacturer.

When someone is in a motor vehicle accident, and it is not their fault, we typically will contact the insurance company for the at-fault driver and schedule a repair estimate. Typically, the insurance company will have its appraisers coordinate a repair inspection. We usually will try to arrange that inspection so that it is convenient for our client. In most cases, the location will be the home of our clients. The inspector will then take photographs of the damage to the car, and prepare a detailed repair estimate. In certain situations, the vehicle will be deemed a total loss. This occurs when the value of the vehicle in the condition it was in before the accident is less than the cost of repair. For example, if the vehicle cost $10,000 to repair, but was only valued at $5000 before the accident, the insurance company will offer the lesser amount. At that time, if the client wants to accept the total loss offer, we have to arrange to turn over the title to the vehicle to the insurance company and in return they will tender the check. The client, however, could choose to take the total loss check and make their own arrangements to repair the car. While this seldom occurs, it is an option. The value of the car is based on a number of factors including the miles on the vehicle before the accident; the overall condition of the vehicle before the accident; and any special equipment on the vehicle. Our law firm has access to many resources to check on various opinions with respect to the value of the vehicle. Unlike some personal injury law firms, that do not get involved in the handling of property damage claims, we regularly negotiate with the insurance company in order to get a fair offer on the total loss figure. We do not charge any legal fee to handle this aspect of personal injury cases for our clients. Rather, our legal fee is based on the recovery on behalf of the client for their bodily injury claims. It should also be noted that, while the negotiation is taking place on the vehicle repair, if the vehicle is a total loss, we will try to arrange for our clients to be put in a rental car so that they have access to transportation. Ultimately, however, we will seek reimbursement for the rental car from the insurance company for the at-fault driver.

y speaking, there are no damage caps on personal injury cases in Virginia. That essentially means that on standard claims, the amount of economic and non-economic damages is not limited by provisions of the state law. However there are exceptions depending on the specific circumstances of the case. Your attorney and the courts will notify you if these rare limitations apply in your case. In particular you should take note of two exceptions as follows:

• Medical Malpractice: These damages are limited to no more than $2 million in Virginia.
• Punitive Damages: These can be no more than $350,000

It is important to note that punitive damages are rarely awarded in personal injury claims cases. This is because the standard of proof that is required for punitive damages is so high that few claimants ever attain it. Mere negligence is not enough to obtain a punitive damages award. Rather, the claimant must prove that the defendant engaged in conduct that amounts to malice recklessness, or gross wanton negligence. For example, in a case where someone takes an action that consciously disregards the risk of harm to another human life, they may be held to have acted recklessly under the law.

have been injured in an automobile accident though the fault of another person, you should seek the advice of an experienced personal injury attorney to handle your case.  While the attorney will assist you with your case from beginning to end, there are still many common sense approaches you can take on your own, to make sure that your case is handled in the most efficient way possible. One of those approaches is taking a pro-active role in your own case. You can do this in the following ways:

1. Provide accurate and updated information to your attorney regarding your contact information.

Whenever there is any change of address, telephone number or any other contact information, you should always let your attorney know.  It is surprising how often even very conscientious clients will forget to do this. Failure of a client to communicate this information to their attorney can lead to delays in their case. Also, if you are out of town or out of the country for an extended period of time and are unreachable, it is important to let your attorney know how to reach you.

2. Keep your attorney updated about your treatment status.

If you’re currently receiving medical treatment, you want to make sure that you let your attorney know if you are unable to keep your appointments with the doctor/medical provider.  Also, if you have completed your treatment or if your pain has gotten worse, you should let your attorney know right away so that they are aware of your treatment progress.  If you don’t, the adverse insurance company will frequently scrutinize gaps in treatment, missed appointments etc. when evaluating the value of your auto accident claim.  It will only help you to communicate as much information as possible to your attorney.

3. Keep detailed notes and receipts regarding any out of pocket expenses or lost income.

-For example, if you have to travel 20 miles back and forth to the medical provider, and you have to go for treatment three times a week, you should keep track of the mileage for reimbursement. -Make sure you let your doctor know that you have missed time from work so that the doctor can document that properly in your medical record. -If you have to pay co-pays for any treatment or medication that you received, or paid for any medical treatment, please keep receipts. -If you are unable to work, you should make detailed notes of the days and hours you missed.  If you are self-employed, it is very important to keep track of the time lost to document the lost income. -If you have to hire someone to work for you because you are unable to work, make sure that this is also documented as well.  You may have to provide copies of paychecks that you paid the employee as well as the bank statement confirming that the check was cashed.  You will need to document the days the employee worked, the number of hours they worked and their wage amount.

4. Disclose everything to you attorney regarding any prior or subsequent accidents, claims or injuries.

By letting the attorney know about your past accident and injury claims, it will help the attorney to be in a better position to negotiate a fair offer on your case.  Insurance adjusters have access to large databases, which check for insurance claims histories on each and every client.  If you don’t tell your attorney about your history, you may put yourself at a disadvantage when your attorney is negotiating your case. These are just a few of the common sense approaches to how you can assist your attorney in the course of your case. If you would like more information or would like to speak with an attorney regarding your case, please call the Bob Katz Law Office at 1-888-540-2599. Please note that the above does not constitute specific legal advice. Each case has different facts, and you should always consult with your attorney if you have any doubt as to how to proceed in your unique circumstance. _{PLEASE NOTE: Materials are NOT Legal Advice or Legal Opinions - All material located on the Sites, in podcasts, blogs, Faqs and/or social media forums is prepared for a general audience for general informational purposes only.  It is not legal advice or a legal opinion.  Its sole purpose is to better educate you about a variety of general legal issues so that you become more educated consumers of legal services.  While Gordon Feinblatt tries to provide accurate information on the Sites, the law changes quickly.  Therefore information contained on the Sites may not reflect the most current interpretation or be complete.  Many factors go into the decision-making process of selecting a lawyer and everyone’s needs differ.  Moreover, although the specific facts of your matter may seem similar to those of others, they are actually quite different;  the law may apply differently or not at all to your situation.  Therefore, you should not rely upon or take any action with respect to your specific, personal legal matters based on information contained on the Sites.  The Sites are provided “AS IS” and Gordon Feinblatt is not responsible for any action you do or do not take in reliance on any materials on the Sites.   Information provided on the Sites should never be a substitute for consulting with a lawyer. Please contact us directly for advice on your specific situation. See our full Terms of Use for more information.}

land Slip and Fall Law When people think about personal injuries, they mainly think about car accidents.  However, one can suffer injuries through other kinds of accidents. While people’s initial reaction to a slip and fall is that no one other than the injured victim is at fault, this is often not the case. Premises liability law sometimes dictates that the owner/occupier of the premises should be held responsible for an injury that resulted due to that owner’s negligence. Visit our Slip and Fall Practice Area Page for More Information on Slip and Fall Accidents Maryland law requires that all property owners owe a duty of reasonable care see that those portions of their property which invitees may be expected to use, are safe and kept in good repair. Additionally, there may be a duty to warn invitees or individuals on the property of known dangers located on the premises. If there is a dangerous condition on their property that the business owner knew about and failed to warn you of, or otherwise reasonably should have known about but failed to detect, then they could be held responsible for causing you injuries.

Most Common Types of Premises Liability Negligence

Among the most common types of land owner negligence we encounter are some of the following:

• Poor lighting
• Damaged or uneven carpeting or flooring
• Wet floors
• Black ice that was ignored or negligently treated
• Stairs without safety railings
• Outdoor tile stairs not property treated for outdoor use
• Unmarked or camouflaged stairs or curbs
• Negligently designed restaurant booths

Premises Liability is a Complex Area of Law

It is important to note that just because you are injured on someone else’s property, it does not mean that the property owner or occupier is automatically are responsible for your injuries. Maryland law looks to several factors to resolve these cases and you should consult with an experienced slip and fall lawyer to determine if you have a viable claim. Proving matters of what a company or business knew, or should have known, is never a simple matter, Additionally, slip and fall cases often involve complex injuries. While many people are not injured after falling, others can sustain extremely severe injuries, brain damage, broken bones and even death. Finally, in Maryland, contributory negligence or assumption of risk defenses may be available to the property owner which would bar an injured person from recovering any compensation. Read our Injury Blog for More Info On Assumption of Risk _{PLEASE NOTE: Materials are NOT Legal Advice or Legal Opinions - All material located on the Sites, in podcasts, blogs, Faqs and/or social media forums is prepared for a general audience for general informational purposes only.  It is not legal advice or a legal opinion.  Its sole purpose is to better educate you about a variety of general legal issues so that you become more educated consumers of legal services.  While Gordon Feinblatt tries to provide accurate information on the Sites, the law changes quickly.  Therefore information contained on the Sites may not reflect the most current interpretation or be complete.  Many factors go into the decision-making process of selecting a lawyer and everyone’s needs differ.  Moreover, although the specific facts of your matter may seem similar to those of others, they are actually quite different;  the law may apply differently or not at all to your situation.  Therefore, you should not rely upon or take any action with respect to your specific, personal legal matters based on information contained on the Sites.  The Sites are provided “AS IS” and Gordon Feinblatt is not responsible for any action you do or do not take in reliance on any materials on the Sites.   Information provided on the Sites should never be a substitute for consulting with a lawyer. Please contact us directly for advice on your specific situation. See our full Terms of Use for more information.}

Q.        What is Personal Injury Protection (PIP)?

A.         Personal Injury Protection is a type of coverage under one’s automobile insurance coverage that pays for the medical bills, loss of income and other expenses, like copays and deductibles that is incurred as a result of injuries suffered from an auto accident.  It is coverage that one pays for as part of the premium for auto insurance in Maryland.

• Q.        Who gets covered under the Personal Injury Protection coverage?
• A.         First of all,  it is also called “no fault” insurance because the PIP insurance covers the medical bills and other expenses of the person covered regardless of whether they caused the accident or not.  There are several different types of people that can benefit from the PIP coverage: The person who is named as the insured under the insurance policy, passengers in the insured’s vehicle, family members who live in the household of the insured, persons with permission to use the vehicle involved in the accident and pedestrians who are injured by the insured’s vehicle.

• Q.        Is everyone required to purchase PIP coverage on auto insurance policies?
• A.         Although Maryland accident law does not require PIP coverage on automobile policies, insurance companies have to offer PIP coverage when you buy auto insurance and you have to reject it or waive it by signing a document saying that you are rejecting it.

• Q.        How much of my medical bills and expenses are covered under PIP?
• A.         The amount of expenses that will be covered will be dependent on the coverage you purchase in Maryland.  Basic PIP coverage in Maryland is $2500.00, but one can elect to purchase a higher amount of coverage.

• Q.        How does PIP coverage benefit one involved in an auto accident if the other side is already going to pay for the injuries?
• A.         Under the collateral source rule, the law in Maryland allows for one to recover not only from the other insurance company but your insurance company as well.     For example, if you have $5,000 total in medical bills and lost wages, and you have $5,000 in PIP benefits, your own insurance company will cover the medical bills.  You can then collect from the other insurance company for the same medical bills and lost wages in addition to money for your pain and suffering.

• Q.        Is there a time limitation to filing for the PIP benefits?
• A.         In Maryland, one has to file a PIP claim within a year of the date of the accident or one may not be able to get those benefits. If our office handles the case, we will not charge an additional fee to file the PIP application on behalf of the client and help ensure that the claims are processed by the insurance company.